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Battleship was the name given to the most powerfully gun-armed and most heavily classes of warships built from the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth centuries. They evolved from the broadside ironclads and Pre-Dreadnoughts of the nineteenth century and the Dreadnoughts of the twentieth century. During (1939-45), they were superseded as the deciding factor at sea.
The term 'battleship' came from the earlier term, 'line-of-battle ship.' The latter term, along with 'ship-of-the-line,' was usually used to refer to such ships during the Age of Sail era, but 'battleship' can be used for all such ships. In the late 19th century The line of battle developed in the seventeenth century as firepower replaced boarding actions as the most important factor in sea battles. Galleons had long sides, and the greatest concentration of cannons could be achieved along the sides of the ship. With more cannons mounted and improving gunpowder technology, the cannon armament of a ship became battle-winning on its own, without the need for boarding action. As small-arms fire and hand-to-hand combat became less vital, the castles on the ship became less important and were built smaller, resulting in lighter and more maneuverable warships. The line formation deployed the powerful broadsides of ships mounting guns along the sides of decks to best effect.
The line of battle dominated naval combat in the age of sail and retained a strong influence up until World War II. The major warships built during this period were known as ships of the line, denoting their ability to play a part in the line of battle and distinguishing them from lighter vessels such as or other cruisers. These ships dominated the naval landscape from the start of the eighteenth century through until the mid-nineteenth century.
The French Valmy (1847), the largest sailing battleship ever built Spain, the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom all built large fleets of ships-of-the-line. Ships generally had two or three decks and fifty to eighty guns. Over time, designs for the line of battle became relatively standardized around a 74-gun design originated by the French in the 1830s. The largest sailing battleship was the French, a 120-gun 3-decker.
Hp v-m200 firmware. Industrial Age From the early 1840s onwards, several technological innovations started to revolutionize the conception of warships. Reliable steam power made warships much more maneuverable, and became the obvious choice against sail as soon as the issue of long-distance travel and re-coaling was solved. Naval guns with exploding shells, capable of penetrating wooden hulls and setting them on fire, were invented by the French Admiral Henri-Joseph Paixhans and adopted from 1841 by the navies of France, the United Kingdom, Russia, and the United States. Their efficacy, largely proven during the, in turn led to the development of the first ironclad warships in 1859, and the subsequent generalization of iron hulls. In the 1860s, major naval powers built 'armored frigate' type ships, which, although having only one gundeck, were used as battleships, not frigates. The first -hulled ships then appeared in 1876, with the launch of the French. Explosive-shell naval guns Although explosive shells had long been in use in ground warfare (in howitzers and mortars), they could only be fired at high angles in elliptical trajectories and with relatively low, which rendered them impractical for marine combat.
Naval combat had required flat-trajectory guns in order to have some odds of hitting the target, so that naval warfare had, for centuries, utilized flat-trajectory cannons using inert cannonballs, which a wooden boat could rather easily absorb. Paixhans developed a time-delay mechanism which, for the first time, allowed shells to be fired safely by high-powered, and hence flat-trajectory, guns. The effect of explosive shells against wooden hulls causing fires was devastating. The first Paixhans guns were produced in 1841 and France, the United Kingdom, Russia, and the United States soon adopted the new naval guns.
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